Here We Go Again

One thing has been consistent with the selloff in gold. There’s always a really good story to explain why the market reacted the way it did. The initial move was the selloff triggered by the Bank of Cyprus announcing the potential sale of a portion of their gold holdings in order to relieve some of the stress of their failing financial institutions. The thought that gold would be an asset to relieve not just troubled Cyprus, but potentially all the struggling European nations started to spread.

The second move down was attributed to downward pressure from massive institutional sales and breaking the key technical support level of 1,550 US/oz. Outflows from gold backed ETF’s began to see record levels as the masses headed for the exits. In accordance with this, the fears began to surface that tapering of the Fed’s asset purchases would soon begin.

This most recent selloff, and again linked to the Fed and the explicit language chosen by Chairman Bernanke was that the US economy is healing, and aggressive monetary support should no longer be needed should the trend continue. If we incorporate this with a staggering economy in China and the stress their banks are under as a result of tremors in the Shibor market (the interbank lending market for their banks) the pressure on gold seems insurmountable.

Gold’s run, however, began long before talk of Quantitative Easing. It was the move into real assets in the beginning of this century as interest rates continued to move lower and lower. So as stimulus provided in the form of Quantitative Easing was a great catalyst for gold, it has really been this epoch of falling interest rates that has been supportive of this market. Initially the “Greenspan Put” and what has become the “Bernanke Put” was gold’s best friend. Unfortunately though, the potential collateral damage done to the economy through central bank induced asset bubbles is yet to be realized.

Some analysts use the term “stable disequilibrium,” and I truly believe that is the economic environment we are in today. The workings of western central banks’ and the asset bubbles that they have not only created, but sustained is what has prompted this extreme volatility in financial markets. The best story for gold stems beyond the idea of an inflation hedge, or for that matter a store of value. Gold is the hedge against economic uncertainty. Plain and simple, it is valued for its role in history; it is not valued because of some revelation of its existence in the last ten years.

The problem with gold is that it has become victim to the herd mentality that creates this volatility and price instability in financial markets. Since becoming more and more accessible via exchange traded funds and more and more popular for speculators in the futures market, it became vulnerable to the same instability that is prevalent in all markets today. It is not so much that the belief in gold has ended, yet the current trend, or fad if you will, is coming to an end.

This herd mentality was present in the physical market as well. It was seen when silver was moving past 40 dollars an ounce, and without much thought physical positions were being accumulated by novice investors who were looking to make a quick profit. If only it was that easy. Gold isn’t a get rich quick scheme and it never has been. In the long term it has the potential to be a store of value. To not be too cliché, “an ounce of gold buy’s a decent man’s suit.”

The above should not been taken as a defence against the selloff in the gold market, or a bleak diatribe on the world’s financial markets. It’s just meant to be plain and simple. Gold is a hedge against uncertainty. It is a long term play. Like any asset, it contains risks. There are buying opportunities, and there are times to sell. Over the next several months to two years, it is my opinion that there will be good opportunities to make long term play in the gold market.

It’s All About Inflation

Gold reacts to rumours, not news. This was witnessed since the onset of quantitative easing. Speculation on the consequences of expansive monetary policy contributed to a safe haven status for the metal. People went into gold to protect their wealth or hold onto the purchasing power of their money. The biggest rumour or perception though that QE created was that it would lead to rampant inflation. Such expansive monetary policy would lead to the demise of the US dollar, and one of few assets able to hold value was gold.

This theory seems to be facing some headwinds.

The rumour, belief, perception, or whatever we want to call investors take on Bernanke’s press conference following the FOMC meeting last Wednesday is that the game is over. The Fed is removing the metaphorical punchbowl from the party, and the source or backstop of liquidity for financial markets is soon to be no more. It seems to be a bit of an irony that what should be such good news prompts the kind of reaction from the markets we had Thursday of this week; however, it seems there is a lack of confidence among market participants that the real economy is able to take over from this artificial one.

To me, it raises the question as to whether the Fed actually wants to start pairing back their record bond purchases, or if they have just reached some sort of inflexion point where they are more forced to act. Perhaps the benefits of their efforts no longer exceed the consequences. As many have argued, it’s the lack of fiscal policy that has stalled the global economy over the last few years as monetary policy is an imperfect tool for correcting the market failures. Even so, it was anticipated by investors that because of the rise in yields witnessed over the last few weeks, Bernanke would seize the opportunity to try and calm markets and talk down yields. That definitely wasn’t the case as he expressed confidence in the US recovery. It is now evident that the Fed is keen on economic growth and tapering is soon to begin.

With the key focus being on the labour market, it’s the Fed’s expectation that the employment rate should fall to 7 percent by early 2014. At this point, stimulus to the markets would come to an end, and interests rates would stay low until the US economy achieves what they refer to as full employment at 6.5 percent. There is only one problem though with talks of withdrawal and raising interest rates, and that is the fact there is no inflation.

It is almost as if we have forgotten the role of a central bank. Through this extraordinary period of all different types of policy to spur economic growth, we have forgotten that one of the banks mandate is for low and stable inflation around the level of 2 percent. The lack of inflation not only slows any advancement in the labour market, but also hinders the Fed from raising interest rates without creating a hindrance to economic growth.

Many gold investors see the potential for inflation. The vast reserves created by the US Fed just sit idle in the US financial sector, but the lack of velocity or volume of that money changing hands keeps inflation levels quite tepid. This is what will keep interest rates low for the next two years, and until there is the threat or “rumour” of inflation—gold will continue to be on the defensive.

The Fed Plays On

It’s hard to avoid the topic of how the emerging market funds have been absolutely hammered in the last month over the premature fear of interest rates starting to creep higher in the United States.

The sophistication and liquidity in these country’s financial markets, despite their economies still being in an emerging market stage, has allowed currencies like the South African Rand to fall by 16 percent against the US dollar so far this year. Other currencies like the Brazilian Real or the Turkish Lira are down 3.7 and 4.6 percent respectively, and it’s all based upon the notion that interest rates are going to move higher in the US. This has investors scrambling for yield back to North America where the prospects of a stronger US dollar not only hurt the emerging market currencies, but also take investment away from their individual economies.

Like commodities, shares of small capitalized firms, and sovereign and corporate bonds, the emerging markets have been beneficiaries of this sustained period of record low rates. JPMorgan estimates corporate external debt from these countries has more than tripled since the onset of the 2008 crises. Not only the direct influence of investors searching for a returns outside of their normal investment arenas, but as well the idea that developed economies have plateaued in their economic advancement, and relatively greater opportunities could be found elsewhere in the world. As PIMCO’s Bill Gross points out, “investors [have] to take increasing amounts of risk, but for lower yields and more volatile returns.” First it was the BRIC’s (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and then the CIVETS (Columbia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa) that have required investors to be more and more creative to determine where to put their money.

At the center of this is US Fed policy, and that’s where markets will continue to focus upon once again next week. This will be Bernanke’s attempt to calm markets in his team’s policy announcement and the press conference following, on Wednesday. The issue is that the last time Bernanke spoke (which was before Congress’s joint Economic Committee) was that he roiled stock markets and sent bond yields higher. During his testimony, when addressing tapering back on the Fed’s current asset purchases from 85 billion in accordance with the economy improving, the market misunderstood Bernanke and took this as the Fed will start raising rates. Investors seemed to have forgotten that not only has the Fed pledged seeing the unemployment rate fall to 6.5 percent, but also that they have attempted to end the process of quantitative easing three times in the past and failed. Bernanke has assured us he is not going to make the same mistakes as the US Fed did during the Great Depression.

It’s my impression that he is going to attempt to calm markets and in turn force down yields once again. Too many investors have falsely anticipated what looks to be a premature exit or tapering from QE. It’s all too apparent that the Fed would not like this as it diminishes the wealth effect that they have created and are trying to create from a continued rally in the stock market. Investors, who were trading off a whim in the last few weeks, hear the term taper and figure the game is over and start running for the exits. This is not how the Fed see’s their stimulus efforts playing out. They purposely suppress long term interest rates to aid home owners with long term mortgages. When the 30 year mortgage in the US jumps suddenly back over 4 percent, it means trouble for the marginal borrowers who are the target of the feds efforts.

The Ultimate Shift

The US economic recovery is really at a crossroads in terms of which direction it will head next. With asset prices so artificially skewed from their fundamental values, every pullback in the markets has investor’s questioning whether we are witnessing that inevitable correction, or this bull market in equities just continues. The uncertainty plaguing investors is whether the real economy is able to catch up with this frankly unbelievable run on which these stock markets have gone. And job numbers in the US were once again stable and mediocre. They weren’t amazing, but they weren’t that bad either.

Of course the employment situation in the US really is the foremost important economic indicator, and for the numbers not to be negative, as many were cautiously expecting, has given markets reason to trade higher to finish the week. But the inevitable question remains, can the real economy take over from how spectacular equities are priced in this one that’s artificial.

After continued buying into the month of May, stocks suddenly appear to be indecisive. US equity indices altered between positive and negative trading sessions over the past week and a half. US Treasuries on the other hand, have had their worst month in May since December of 2010. As of late, there has been a shift in the sentiment of the markets that does raise some caution for investors. The problem is that investors have not been paid enough for the risk they incur in other areas of the market. And that is absolutely the paramount concern of the effects of the record stimulus that has been added to these markets.

Central bankers all over the world are aware that mispricing credit jeopardizes the longevity of this economic recovery. But as we see bond yields starting to once again creep higher or equities doing a seesaw, the markets have stepped away from reality and how they will come back into balance is the greatest question of this period in time. Many analysts stand ready to criticize the world’s central bankers before this experiment is even finished. The truth of the matter, as I cannot restate enough, is we do not know how it will finish. But it is simply too early to judge the efforts of Bernanke and the Fed because macroeconomic policy is intended for the long term.

Very much like Paul Volcker in the 1980’s, the central of bankers of today as well risk their creditability in the policy they opt to implement. There were just as many naysayers of the US central bank when Paul Volcker went to war against rising prices and correspondingly raised interest rates in order to tackle rampant inflation. Same too with what we see with the US Fed and this massive expansion of the monetary base in order to ensure the liquidity of the world’s financial markets.

Never has a central banker really been as exciting as markets are so keen to move so decisively off of the latest policy announcement or testimony before a central government. The problem is that these movements have become so erratic that the investor does not know which direction in this current cycle the market is going to take.

Stay tuned.